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Buru (formerly spelt Boeroe) is the third largest island within Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It lies between the Banda Sea to the south and Seram Sea to the north, west of Ambon and Seram islands. The island belongs to Maluku province ((インドネシア語:Provinsi Maluku)) and includes the Buru ((インドネシア語:Kabupaten Buru)) and South Buru ((インドネシア語:Kabupaten Buru Selatan)) regencies. Their administrative centers, Namlea and Namrole, respectively, have ports and the largest towns of the island. There is a military airport at Namlea which supports civilian cargo transportation. About a third of the population is indigenous, mostly Buru, but also Lisela, Ambelau and Kayeli people. The rest of population are immigrants from Java and nearby Maluku Islands. The religious affiliation is evenly split between Christianity and Sunni Islam, with some remnants of traditional beliefs. While local languages and dialects are spoken within individual communities, the national Indonesian language is used among the communities and by the administration. Most of the island is covered with forests rich in tropical flora and fauna. From the present 179 bird and 25 mammal species, about 14 are found either on Buru only or also on a few nearby islands, the most notable being the wild pig Buru babirusa. There is little industry on the island, and most population is engaged in growing rice, maize, sweet potato, beans, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, clove and nutmeg. Other significant activities are animal farming and fishing. The island was first mentioned around 1365. Between 1658 and 1942, it was colonised by the Dutch East India Company and then by the Crown of the Netherlands. The Dutch administration relocated many local villages to the newly built island capital at Kayeli Bay for working at clove plantations. It also promoted the hierarchy among the indigenous people with selected loyal rajas placed above the heads of the local clans. The island was occupied by the Japanese forces between 1942 and 1945 and in 1950 became part of independent Indonesia. During former president Suharto's New Order administration in the 1960s–1970s, Buru was the site of a prison used to hold thousands of political prisoners. While held at Buru, writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer wrote most of his novels, including ''Buru Quartet''. ==Geography and geology== Buru island lies between two seas of the Pacific Ocean – Seram Sea ((インドネシア語:Laut Seram)) on the north and Banda Sea ((インドネシア語:Laut Banda)) to the south and west. To the east, it is separated by the Manipa Strait ((インドネシア語:Selat Manipa)) from Seram Island ((インドネシア語:Pulau Seram)). With an area of ,〔 Buru is the third largest among the Maluku Islands ((インドネシア語:Kepulauan Maluku)) after Halmahera and Seram. Buru is shaped like an oval, elongated from west to east. The maximum length is about from east to west and from north to south. The coastline is smooth, with the only indentation being Kayeli Bay located on the eastern coast. The bay also has a smooth, oval shape. It extends into the island to 8–12 km and has a maximum width of 17 km; the width decreases to 9 km at the mouth; the coastal length of the bay is about 50 km. At the northern part of the mouth stands Namlea, the largest town of the island.〔〔 The highest point on the island (〔("Mountains of the Indonesian Archipelago" ) Peaklist.org. Listed as "Gunung Kapalatmada". Retrieved 2012-09-24.〕) is the peak of Mount Kapalatmada (also called Kepala Madan,〔 Kepalat Mada or Ghegan〔). Off the coast of Buru there are several smaller islands; those permanently inhabited are Ambelau (the largest, about 10 km in diameter, located about 20 km south-east of Buru) and Tengah ((インドネシア語:Pulau Tengah)). The largest uninhabited islands are Fogi ((インドネシア語:Pulau Fogi)), Oki ((インドネシア語:Pulau Oki)) and Tomahu ((インドネシア語:Pulau Tomahu)).〔〔(Hydro Potential at Buru Island )〕 The island is mostly mountainous, especially in the central and western parts. Of the 9,505 km2 of the island area, 1,789 km2 lie 900 m above mean sea level, 872 km2 above 1,200 m and 382 km2 above 1,500 m.〔(Black-lored Parrot ), Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences and Japan Science and Technology Agency〕〔(Rufous-throated White-eye ), Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences and Japan Science and Technology Agency〕 Flat areas are located in narrow strips near the coast and along the banks of river Apo. There they form a valley of the same name. Much of the island is covered with tropical rain forest.〔 With a length of about , Apo is the longest river of Buru. It flows nearly straight to the north-east and empties into Kayeli Bay; however, its bed is very winding for hundreds of meters, with loops all along its length. Two other permanent rivers are Geren and Nibe; the rest are intermittent rivers with discontinuous flow. The river discharge varies significantly through the year, reaching a maximum in the rainy season.〔 Indonesian sources often include ''wae'' (meaning river) before the river names; thus Apo is often referred to as Waeapo or Wae Apo, or Apu in some local dialects. In the center of the island, at an altitude of , lies freshwater Lake Rana ((インドネシア語:Danau Rana)). This is the only significant lake on Buru; it has a nearly rectangular shape with the length of about 4.3 km, width of about 2.7 km and an area of 〔 The crust consists of several types of deposits. It is dominated by Cenozoic sedimentary rocks, probably originating from the Australian continent;〔 Also present are younger volcanic rocks and more recent alluvial deposits.〔 Sedimentary deposits in the form of silt, peat, sand and mud are mostly found in the river valleys. Metamorphic rocks of slate, schist and arkose dominate the northern part of the island. Very few mineral deposits of Buru have industrial value, and only limestone is mined commercially.〔 However, significant reserves of oil and gas were discovered in the shelf in 2009.〔 There are numerous coral reefs around the island.〔 The soil mostly consists of yellow-red Podsol, Organosol, Grumosol and various mixtures.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buru」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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